The Biden administration plans to ease sanctions on Venezuelan oil to allow more of the country's crude to reach Europe.  

The U.S. will allow European companies still operating in Venezuela to immediately transfer more oil to the continent, while allowing Chevron to negotiate a resumption of operations in Venezuela, according to people familiar with the matter.  Venezuela's OPPOSITION, which is backed by the United States, is understood to favor the move.  Tight global oil supplies have sent crude and fuel costs soaring, threatening to add to already high inflation.  Increasing Venezuelan crude exports would help ease supply constraints while also helping to reduce Europe's dependence on Russian energy.

The US has sought to encourage talks between the Venezuelan government and the US-backed opposition to open the way to free and fair elections by extending a limited license held by Chevron to allow the oil company to maintain its operations in Venezuela and negotiate future operations.  

The United States reportedly did not extend a permit to Allow Chevron to drill and sell Venezuelan crude, as the company had hoped.  

The license extension will allow Chevron to negotiate with State-run Petroleos de Venezuela SA, with which it has a joint venture.  Previously, the company could not directly negotiate with any officials sanctioned by the United States.  Chevron has been lobbying the United States to allow it to drill for Venezuelan crude and sell it on world markets to help lower energy prices amid the Russia-Ukraine war.

Affected by the ever-changing international situation, the supply and prices of many commodities like the concrete water reducer are still very uncertain.

Types of High-efficient Water Reducers

 

Polycyclic aromatic sulfonates 

It has the advantages of low cost and high water reduction rate and has the defects of more serious collapse loss of mixing products. In use, you can add retarding components to compound use or choose such water reducer with sustained-release performance to reduce the loss of collapse and ensure the performance of high efficient water reducer. 

 

Water-soluble resin sulfonates 

Mainly for sulfonated melamine resin, and sulfonated ancient code long resin. This kind of water reducer and cement compatibility is better, and other water reducer mixed-use can also maintain good compatibility. Practice shows that this kind of water reducer has a low dosage but high water reducing rate and excellent performance. In a certain proportion, the water-reducing rate increases with the increase of water adding amount. Once the dosage exceeds the critical proportion, the retarding effect on concrete is obvious. Such plasticizer shall not be mixed with a lignosulfonate plasticizer. 

 

Aliphatic series

There are mainly polycarboxylic acid, polyacrylic acid salt. This kind of water reducer is different from traditional water reducer, so it is necessary to understand its mechanism accurately and use it cautiously. 

 

Others

Other types are represented by modified calcium lignosulfonate and modified tannin 

 

When a variety of water reducers are used together, attention should be paid to their mutual influence. In addition to the simple water-reducing performance, the compound water reducer can also have the characteristics of quick setting, early strength, anti-freezing, etc., according to the purpose of use. 

 

Superplasticizer Mechanism

In the process of cement mixing, flocculent particles are attracted to each other due to the existence of molecular attraction, and a flocculation structure is formed. Flocculation encapsulates part of the water used for mixing and reduces the workability of the concrete mixture.

The efficient water reducer has hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics, water reducer hydrophobic group directed adsorption on the surface of cement particles, hydrophilic group pointing to the aqueous solution and the formation of adsorption film.  Concrete mixing, due to the high-efficient water reducer, directional adsorption makes cement particle surface gay charge, the same, cement particles dispersed to each other, and condensation of flocculant of concrete structure collapse, water was released, supplement the moisture needed for the cement mixing, effectively increase the activity of the concrete mixture, to reduce the effect of the water. At the same time, the surface of cement particles due to efficient water reducer formed by the adsorption film between cement particles and particles contact more mellow, increasing the workability of concrete; The adsorption film also increases the surface area of cement particles and promotes hydration, which is conducive to improving the strength of concrete.

 

Superplasticizer Supplier

TRUNNANO is a reliable superplasticizer supplier with over 12-year experience in nano-building energy conservation and nanotechnology development. If you are looking for a high-quality concrete superplasticizer, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. (sales@cabr-concrete.com)

We accept payment via Credit Card, T/T, West Union, and Paypal. Trunnano will ship the goods to customers overseas through FedEx, DHL, by air, or by sea.

The Free Trade Agreement between India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has come into force on.

The UAE is the gateway to the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa, said Subramaniam, a senior official at India's Ministry of Commerce and Industry.  The agreement will help boost bilateral trade in goods from $60 billion a year now to $100 billion a year within five years.

On 18 February 2022, India and the United Arab Emirates signed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. With the entry into force of the agreement, 90 percent of Indian goods and 65 percent of UAE goods will enjoy tariff-free market access.

Apart from its FTA with the UAE, India is also pursuing FTAs with Australia, the UK, Canada, Israel, the European Union, and the Gulf Cooperation Council.

Influenced by international situations, the supply and prices of many concrete water reducer are still very uncertain.

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