For billionaires, the new crown epidemic is like a 'gold rush'! The Deutsche Presse-Agentur said on the 17th that in 2022, the wealth held by the world's top ten richest people will jump from $700 billion to $1.5 trillion, an average daily increase of $1.3 billion, an increase that exceeds the past 14 years. These 10 people The wealth held by the world’s poorest 3.1 billion people is six times greater than that of the world’s poorest 3.1 billion people. The 10 richest Germans have increased their assets from the equivalent of about 125 billion euros to about 223 billion euros since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, An increase of about 78%. This wealth is roughly equivalent to the total wealth of the poorest 40% of the population, or 33 million Germans.
In the future, demand for pce powder will grow as fast as the wealth of the rich during the pandemic.

Common superplasticizers include lignosulfonates and their derivatives, advanced polyols and polyol complexes, hydroxy carboxylic acids and their salts, polyvinyl ethers and their derivatives, etc. Superplasticizer includes naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonate formaldehyde condensation polymer, amine sulfonate, melamine sulfonate formaldehyde condensation polymer, etc.

 

Lignin superplasticizer

Lignin superplasticizer includes calcium lignosulfonate (calcium lignosulfonate), sodium lignosulfonate (sodium lignosulfonate), magnesium lignosulfonate (magnesium lignosulfonate), etc. Among them, wood calcium superplasticizer is widely used.

 

Wood calcium superplasticizer is based on the waste liquid of sulfite pulp from the production of paper pulp or fiber pulp as raw material and neutralized by lime milk. A brown powder prepared by removing sugar by biological fermentation, evaporating and concentrating, and spray drying. Belongs to the anionic polymer surfactant, the suitable amount of wood calcium superplasticizer is generally 0.2%-0.3% of the cement quality. The water reduction rate is 10%-15%, and the 28-day compressive strength of concrete is increased by 10%-20%. If there is no water reduction, the slump of concrete can be increased by 80% 100mm; if the compressive strength and slump of concrete remain unchanged, the amount of cement can be saved by about 10%. Wood calcium superplasticizer has retarding effect on concrete, and its retarding effect is more significant when it is added too much or at low temperature, and it may also reduce the strength of concrete.

 

Wood calcium superplasticizer can be used in general concrete projects, especially in large area pouring, slip form construction, pumping concrete and summer construction. Wood calcium superplasticizer should not be used alone in winter construction. When the daily minimum temperature is below 5 ℃, it should be combined with early strength agent or antifreeze. Wood calcium superplasticizer should not be used alone in steam-cured concrete and prestressed concrete to avoid looseness on the surface of steam-cured concrete.

 

Naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer

Naphthalene superplasticizer is made from naphthalene or naphthalene homologue by sulfonation and formaldehyde. At present, China mainly produces NNO, NF, FDN, UNF, MF, Jian I and other superplasticizers, most of which are non-air-entraining superplasticizers. It is a water reducer with anthracene superplasticizer, methyl naphthalene superplasticizer, gumarone superplasticizer and coal tar mixture. because its raw materials come from different components of coal tar, it is collectively called coal tar superplasticizer.

 

The suitable amount of naphthalene superplasticizer is 0.5%-1.0% of the cement quality, the water-reducing rate is 10%-25%, and the 28d strength of concrete is increased by more than 20%. The naphthalene superplasticizer has good water-reducing and strengthening effect and strong adaptability to different kinds of cement. It is suitable for preparing early strength, high strength, flow state and steam curing concrete, but the slump loss is large.

 

Water soluble resin superplasticizer

This kind of superplasticizer is made from some water-soluble resins, such as melamine resin (melamine superplasticizer) and so on. The strengthening effect of this kind of superplasticizer is remarkable, and it is a superplasticizer. Domestic products include SM resin superplasticizer and so on. The content of SM superplasticizer is 0.5%-2.0% of the cement quality, the water-reducing rate is 15%-27%, and the 3D strength of concrete can be increased by 30%-100%-28d strength by 20%-30%. SM superplasticizer is suitable for preparing high strength concrete, early strength concrete, fluid concrete and steam curing concrete.

 

Polycarboxylate superplasticizer

Polycarboxylate superplasticizer was produced in the 1980s. Generally speaking, polycarboxylate superplasticizer can be divided into two categories: one is grafting different polyoxyethylene (EO) or polyoxypropylene (PO) branched chains with maleic anhydride as the main chain, and the other is methacrylic acid (EO) or (PO) branched chains.

 

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New Delhi: India's Oil Ministry recently conveyed its intention to five national oil companies including Indian Oil Corp and Bharat Petroleum Resources LTD to assess the possibility of buying shares in Russian oil projects sold by European and American oil majors.  

Bp announced it would give up its 19.75% stake in Rosneft, the Russian oil company.  ExxonMobil said on March 1 that it would exit about $4 billion in assets and terminate all of its Russian operations, including the Sakhalin-1 project in Russia's far East.  

India's oil ministry has asked the overseas investment arm of India's Oil and Gas Corporation to consider buying ExxonMobil's 30 percent stake in the Sakhalin 1 project in Russia's far East. ExxonMobil is the operator of the project and Indian companies already have a 20 percent stake in the project.

Because of the ever-changing international situation, the supply and prices of international bulk pce powder are still very uncertain.

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