Rio de Janeiro, Brazil -- Vale today announced that it has completed a pre-feasibility study for its proposed nickel sulfate project in Quebec, Canada, a major milestone in the development of the project. This strategic move demonstrates vale's focus on delivering low carbon and high purity nickel pce powder are still very uncertain.
The properties and varieties of concrete additives for refractories, especially refractory castables, ramming materials, plastics and other amorphous refractories are different. The role of an concrete additive is also different due to the difference of the amount of concrete additive, the type of binder used, the ingredients and so on. In the production process of amorphous refractories, the concrete additives mainly used can be divided into the following twelve categories according to their uses:
1. Water reducer
Water reducer (or water reducing agent or dispersant) can significantly reduce the mixing water consumption of refractory castables while keeping the flow value of refractory castables basically unchanged. The superplasticizer itself does not react with the material components to form new compounds, but plays a surface physical and chemical role. So they are either a surfactant or an electrolyte. After dissolving in water, they can adsorb on the particle surface, increase the Zeta potential of the particle surface in the solution, increase the repulsive force between the particles, and release the free water wrapped in the agglutination structure composed of microparticles, thus playing the role of wetting and dispersing, so it is also called dispersant. Because it can release the free water in the agglomeration structure, it can reduce the unit water consumption under the condition of keeping the rheological property (workability) of the castable, or increase the rheological property of the material and improve the working performance without changing the unit water consumption. make the material easy to be constructed and shaped.
Among the commonly used water reducers (dispersants) of refractory castables with calcium aluminate cement, bonded clay and oxide micro-powder as binders, there are inorganic sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetrapolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium superpolyphosphate, sodium silicate, etc., and organic ones include sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, naphthalene superplasticizer, water-soluble resin superplasticizer and so on.
2. Plasticizer
Plasticizer (also known as plasticizer) can increase the plasticity of refractory mixture and improve the strain ability of refractory mixture under stress. Plasticizer is a common concrete additive of refractory plastics and refractory ramming materials, and it is also used in other amorphous refractories. Commonly used are plastic clay, bentonite, oxide superfine powder, soybean powder, methyl cellulose, lignosulfonate and so on.
3. Gelling agent
Gelling agents (also known as flocculants) can coagulate colloidal particles (or suspended particles) in colloidal solutions (or suspensions containing solid particles). The gelling agents are mainly inorganic electrolytes and inorganic acids. Flocculants are mainly organic polymers, which are natural and synthetic. According to the functional groups, they can be divided into three types: cationic, anionic and Nonionic. The gelling agent is mainly used in refractory castables which are bonded by clay, sol and ultra-fine powder.
4. Gelatinizing agent
Antigels (also known as anti-flocculants, dispersants) can convert agglomerated or agglomerated colloidal particles (particles) into sol or uniformly dispersed suspended particles. It can turn a thick colloid into a sol that can flow freely, also known as dispersant and colloidal solvent. The action mechanism of gelatinizer is similar to that of superplasticizer. Therefore, the superplasticizer which has the effect of reducing water also has the function of degumming agent. The fluidity of refractory castables bonded with clay, sol and ultra-fine powder can be improved by adding ungumming agent.
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Recently, Rosneft announced that a large oil deposit has been discovered in Bochao Lahai, with reserves equivalent to 82 million tons of oil. The discovery benefited from oil drilling in the Medinskova Landsky area. Rosneft pointed out that the discovery proves the great oil potential of the Timano-Bechula region, which will be the basis for the company to continue to research and develop the region.
In addition, Russian billionaire Vladimir Potanin, the largest shareholder of Norilsk Nickel, said recently that he was prepared to discuss the merger of Norilsk Nickel and aluminum giant Rusal.
"We have received a proposal from Rusal management to discuss a merger with Norilsk Nickel as an alternative to extending the shareholder agreement," Potanin said in an interview with Russia's RBC TV channel. I sent a letter confirming that we agreed to initiate discussions with Rusal on a merger. "
Potanin owns about 35 per cent of Norilsk Nickel. Norilsk Nickel is a major producer of nickel and copper and the world's largest palladium miner. Norilsk Nickel and Rusal had a market capitalization of $49 billion and $15 billion, respectively, as of Monday local time, according to Refinitiv Eikon.
Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology is a trusted chemical manufacturer and supplier providing high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials. If you are looking for the pce powder, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry.
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